4 Electricity and Magnetism

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1 4 Electricity and Magnetism 1. Simple phenomena of magnetism 2. Electrical quantities 3. Electrical circuits 4. Dangers of electricity 5. Electromagnetic effects 6. Cathode ray oscilloscope 1. The diagram shows part of a magnetic relay. M is part of the core of the magnet. L is part of the armature which is attached to the core when a current flows through the coil. S is a stud which stops the armature being attracted too strongly. 3. An electrical quantity is defined as the energy converted by a source in driving a unit charge round a complete circuit. What is this quantity called? A. current B. electromotive force C. potential difference D. power 4. The diagram shows an electrical circuit. Which line of the table gives the best materials for M, L and S? Which pair of readings is obtained when a suitable power supply is connected between X and Y? 2. Which diagram correctly shows the electric field between two charged spheres? 5. The diagram shows part of an electric circuit. What is the current in the 2 resistor? A. 0.6 A C. 3.0 A B. 1.2 A D. 6.0 A 6. An electric heater consists of a heating element mounted on a metal reflector. The reflector is connected to earth. IGCSE Physics 1 Namrata David Publications

2 Where should the switch for the heating element be connected? A. between the earth wire and the reflector B. between the live wire and the heating element C. between the live wire and the neutral wire D. between the neutral wire and the heating element 7. Each of the diagram below is a cross-section through two parallel current carrying conductors. Which diagram correctly shows the magnetic field pattern formed by the currents in the two conductors? D. P and R 9. What is the part of a simple d.c motor that reverses the direction of current through the coil every half-cycle? A. the armature B. the brushes C. the commutator D. the slip rings 10. A wire hangs between the poles of a magnet. When there is a current in the wire, in which direction does the wire move? 11. The diagram shows a metal bar swinging like a pendulum across a uniform magnetic field. The motion induces as e.m.f between the ends of the bar. 8. The number of turns between each pair of output terminals of a transformer is shown in the diagram. Between which two terminals will the output be 12 V? A. P and Q B. Q and R C. R and S Which graph represents this e.m.f during one complete oscillation of the bar, starting and finishing at P? IGCSE Physics 2 Namrata David Publications

3 C. 2 V at 100 Hz D. 4 V at 50 Hz 14. The electric circuit shown is used to study the charging of a capacitor C 12. Why is electrical energy usually transmitted at high voltage? A. As little energy as possible is wasted in the transmission cables B. The current in the transmission cables is as large as possible C. The resistance of the transmission cables is as small as possible D. The transmission system does not require transformers 13. Diagram 1 shows the oscilloscope trace produced by an input of 2V at 50 Hz. The neon lamp lights when the p.d across the capacitor C reaches 110 V. The capacitor C then discharges, the lamp goes out and the p.d. across C slowly increases once more. What id the effect of increasing the resistance of R? A. the lamp lights up and goes out at the same rate B. the lamp lights up and goes out less frequently C. the lamp lights up and goes out more frequently D. the lamp will not go out at all 15. Four different substances are tested by using each as the core of an electromagnet. The number of paper clips each holds is recorded when there is a current in the electromagnet and when the current is switched off. Diagram 2 shows the trace from a different input on the same oscilloscope Which substance is the best for making the core of a transformer?. What is the value of the new input? A. 1 V at 50 Hz B. 2 V at 25 Hz IGCSE Physics 3 Namrata David Publications

4 16. On a stormy day, a large, positively-charged cloud is above a tree. An electrical charge is induced on the tree as charged particles flow through it. 17. End X of a metal rod attracts the N-pole of a compass needle. What does this show about the rod? A. it could be made of copper but is not permanently magnetized. B. it could be made of copper with a S-pole at X C. it could be made of steel but is not permanently magnetized D. it could be made of steel with a N-pole at X What is the charge induced on the tree and how do the charged particles move? 18. The diagram shows two resistors connected in series with a cell. Which statement defines the potential difference across XY? A. the power needed to drive a unit charge through the cell B. the power needed to drive a unit charge between X and Y C. the work done in driving a unit charge through the cell D. the work done in driving a unit charge between X and Y 19. Which two resistor combinations have the same resistance between X and y? A. P and Q B. P and S C. Q and R D. R and S 20. In order to turn off both lamps, which is the safest switch position? 21. The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. IGCSE Physics 4 Namrata David Publications

5 What is the effect of the magnetic filed on the electrons? A. they are deflected into the plane of the diagram B. they are deflected out of the plane of the diagram C. they are deflected towards the bottom of the diagram D. they are deflected towards the top of the diagram 22. A student pushes the N-pole of a bar magnet into the end Q of a long solenoid and observes a deflection to the right on the sensitive ammeter. What will produce a deflection in the same direction? A. pulling the N-pole out of end Q B. pulling the S-pole out of end P C. pushing the N-pole into end P D. pushing the S-pole into end P 23. A simple a.c generator produces an alternating e.m.f as shown. 24. A step down transformer changes 240 V a.c to 12 V a.c. There are 600 turns on the primary coil. How many turns are on the secondary coil? A. 20 C. 600 B. 30 D IGCSE Physics 5 Namrata David Publications

6 25. What are high voltages and low currents used to transmit electrical energy over long distances? A. to increase the electromagnetic radiation B. to increase the speed at which electrons move C. to reduce heat loss from the power line D. to reduce the resistance of the power line 26. A variable potential divider has a sliding contact S that can be moved between end P and end Q. It is connected to a constant 6 V power supply, as shown below. 29. The diagram shows a positively charged acetate strip and a negatively charged polythene strip that are freely suspended. What happens gradually from 6 V to 0 V A. it deceases gradually from 6 V to 0 V B. it rises gradually from 0 V to 6 V C. it stays constant at 0 V D. it stays constant at 6 V Two rods X and Y are bought up in turn to these two strips. Rod X attracts the acetate strip but repels the polythene strip. Road Y does not repel either the acetate strip or the polythene strip. Which type of change is on each rod? 27. A capacitor C charges when it is connected to a d.c. power supply. Which arrows show the direction of the conventional current when the capacitor is charging? A. 1 and 3 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and Four plotting compasses are placed near a bar magnet. You may ignore any effects of the Earth s magnetic field. In which position does the compass appears like this, 30. A cell is connected to a resistor. What is the e.m.f of the cell equal to? A. the potential difference across the resistor for each unit of current B. the power produced in the circuit for each unit of charge that passes C. the work done in the circuit for each unit of charge that passes D. the work done in the circuit for each unit of current 31. A cell is connected in series with an ammeter and a lamp. The current is 1 A. In which circuit, using identical cells, lamps and ammeters, is the current reading 2 A? IGCSE Physics 6 Namrata David Publications

7 32. Which circuit contains a cell, a light-emitting diode and a fixed resistor? 34. An alternating current is passed through a wire stretched between the poles of a magnet. Which way will the wire move? A. left and right B. right only C. up and down D. up only 33. In each of the circuit below, a short circuit occurs. In which circuit would the fuse blow and make the circuit safe to repair? 35. X and Y are wires carrying electric current at right angles to the page. P, Q and R are plotting compasses. Any effect of the Earth s magnetic field has been ignored. What is true about the direction and size of the currents? 36. A girl turns the handle of a small a.c. generator four times each second. The generator produces a maximum output voltage of 0.5 V. IGCSE Physics 7 Namrata David Publications

8 Which of these following graphs best shows this? 38. Electric energy is transmitted at high alternating voltages. What is not a valid reason for doing this? A. at high voltage, a.c. is safer than d.c B. for a given power, there is a lower current with a higher voltage C. there is a smaller power loss at higher voltage and lower current D. the transmission lines can be thinner with a lower current 39. The diagram shows some of the important parts of the tube of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. Which change in voltage results in the position of the spot on the screen moving towards the top? A. decreasing V 1 B. decreasing V 3 C. increasing V 2 D. increasing V A thermistor is connected in a circuit with a 6 V cell, a 3000 resistor and a voltmeter, as shown. The graph shows how the resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature. 37. Which statement about the action of a transformer is correct? A. an e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when an alternating voltage is applied to the primary coil. B. An e.m.f is induced in the secondary coil when there is a steady direct current in the primary coil C. The current in the secondary coil is always larger than the current in the primary coil D. The voltage in the secondary coil is always larger than the voltage in the primary coil. What is the temperature of the thermistor when the voltmeter reads 2 V? A. 20 C C. 60 C B. 40 C D. 80 C IGCSE Physics 8 Namrata David Publications

9 41. The diagram show an iron nail in four different situations. In which diagram will the nail become an induced magnet? 42. The diagram shows parts of a loudspeaker. Which type of current is passed through the coil and why? 43. In an electrostatics experiment, a plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth. The cloth becomes negatively charged. Which diagram shows the charge on the rod, and describes the movement of charge? 44. An electrical quantity is defined as the energy converted by a source in driving a unit charge round a complete circuit. What is this quantity called? A. current B. electromotive force C. potential difference D. power 45. The diagram shows the current I/voltage V graph for a length of resistance wire. Where can Ohm s law be applied to the wire? A. at Y only C. from X to Y B. at Z only D. from X to Z IGCSE Physics 9 Namrata David Publications

10 46. Diagram 1 shows a resistor connected to a battery, an ammeter and a voltmeter. The ammeter reading is 0.5 A and the voltmeter reading is 3.0 V. A second identical resistor is now connected in parallel with the first resistor, as shown in diagram 2. C. raising the coil D. raising the support of the spring 49. Two parallel wires carry currents in the same direction. Which diagram shows the magnetic field around each wire and the direction of the force on each wire? What are the ammeter and voltmeter readings in the circuit shown in diagram 2? 47. How much energy is converted in a resistor of 5.0 carrying a current of 2.0 A for 10 seconds? A. 4.0 J C. 100 J B. 25 J D. 200 J 48. A permanent magnet moving up and down on the end of a spring induces an e.m.f. in a coil. 50. Why is a transformer used to connect a generator in a power station to a long distance transmission line? A. to decrease the voltage and decrease the current B. to decrease the voltage and increase the current C. to increase the voltage and decrease the current D. to increase the voltage and increase the current 51. The table shows part of the colour code for resistors. Which resistor has a value of 4700? Which factor, on its own, would decrease the maximum value of the induced e.m.f.? A. increasing the number of turns in the coil B. increasing the strength of the magnet IGCSE Physics 10 Namrata David Publications

11 52. The diagram shows a brass rod and an iron rod beside each other at the time of a rectangular coil. 55. Two uncharged metal spheres, not touching one another, are suspended by means of cotton thread. A positively charged rod is brought near. What happens when a d.c. current passes through the coil? A. only the brass rod is magnetized B. only the iron rod is magnetized C. the two rods attract each other D. the two rods repel each other Which diagram shows what happens to the spheres? 53. Four metal rods are placed, in turn, inside a coil of copper wire. Each rod is used to pick up as many paper clips as possible. The current is then switched off. The table gives the results of the experiment. Which rod is the most suitable core for a coil in a circuit breaker? 54. Which factors will both increase the resistance of a wire in a circuit? IGCSE Physics 11 Namrata David Publications

12 56. Which graph best represents how current I varies with voltage V in a component in which the resistance increases as the current increases. Which diagram is correct? 57. At which point in the circuit is the current the smallest? 60. The diagram shows the circuit for a hair-dryer. 58. The diagram shows a circuit. The ammeter has negligible resistance. What is the resistance of the resistor R? A. 0.5 B. 1.5 C. 5 D The diagram show the Forces F between two wires carrying current out of the page. The magnetic fields close to the wires are also shown. The fan has a power rating of 0.1 kw and the heaters each have a rating of 0.4mkW. The cost of electricity is 8 cents/k Wh. What is the cost of running the dryer for two hours with switches P and Q closed and switch R is open? A. 1.6 cents B. 3.2 cents C. 6.4 cents D. 8.0 cents 61. In a d.c motor, the coil is wound on a soft iron cylinder. Why is soft iron used? A. to increase the strength of the magnetic field B. to increase the weight of the coil C. to insulate the coil from the magnet D. to prevent the coil from spinning too quickly IGCSE Physics 12 Namrata David Publications

13 62. Which circuit shows the correct positions for the fuse and the switch in the lighting circuit of a house? 65. A wave form is displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope. The length of three cycles of the waveform is 6 m. The vertical gain and the time-base settings are shown on the diagram. 63. The diagram shows how a magnet and a coil may be used to induce an electric current. How could the ammeter reading be increased? A. move the coil more quickly B. put resistor in series with the ammeter C. turn the magnet round, then move the coil D. use a coil with more turns What is the time taken for one cycle of the waveform? A. 1 ms C. 4 ms B. 2 ms D. 6 ms 66. A permanent magnet can be demagnetized by using a solenoid and switching the current on then off. Which diagram shows the most effective method of producing demagnetization? 64. Four processes are used to charge an isolated metal sphere. P The sphere is earthed by touching it. Q The earth connection is removed from the sphere R A charged rod is brought close to the sphere S The charged rod is removed In which order should these processes be carried out to charge the sphere? First last A. P Q R S B. P R S Q C. R P Q S D. R S P Q 67. wo insulated metal spheres X and Y are T initially in contact. While a positively charged rod is near X the spheres are moved apart. After this action X has a negative charge. IGCSE Physics 13 Namrata David Publications

14 The charge on Y will be A. negative and smaller than that on X B. negative and the same size as that on X C. positive and smaller than that on X D. positive and the same size as that on X 68. which combination of identical resistors gives the lowest total resistance? Why is this? A. no current ever flows in the neutral lead of the device B. the device will be shorted if the switch is in the earth lead C. the device can never be switched off if the switch is in the neutral lead D. the device can only be isolated ( made safe) id the switch is in the live lead 71. A house-owner replaced a failed fuse for the lights of the house. When the lights were switched on, the new fuse also failed. The house-owner then used another fuse with a higher rating than the previous two. Why was this not a sensible thing to do? A. fuses allow the circuit to work only if the rating is exactly right B. the fuse has already melted because the rating was too high C. using a fuse with too high rating would cause electric shocks D. a fuse with a higher rating might allow the circuit to work, but the fault would not be corrected 72. The diagram shows a beam of electrons entering a magnetic field. The direction of the field is into the page. 69. The diagram shows a voltmeter adapted to measure a range from mv. The voltmeter is measuring the potential difference in a circuit. What is the reading on the voltmeter? A mv B. 0.6 mv C. 6 mv D. 60 mv What will be the initial direction of the deflection of the electrons as the beam passes through the field? A. into the page B. out of the page C. towards the bottom of the page D. towards the top of the page 73. The diagram shows a two-pole single-coil electric motor. 70. In an a.c. elecrtic circuit in a house, the switch for any device is always connected to the live lead. IGCSE Physics 14 Namrata David Publications

15 The spilt-ring commutator reverses the current in the coil as it rotates. How many times is the current reversed if the coil is rotated once? A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D Which statement about the action of a transformer is correct? A. an alternating current always flows in the secondary coil when an alternating voltage is applied to the primary coil B. the current in the secondary coil is larger than the current in the primary coil C. an e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when an alternating voltage is applied to the primary coil D. an e.m.f. is induced in the secondary coil when a steady direct current flows in the primary coil 75. The diagram shows a trace on an oscilloscope set at 5 V/cm on the vertical axis. What is the maximum value of the potential difference being measured? A. 1.5 V C. 7.5 V B. 3.0 V D. 15 V 76. A 24 resistor is to be connected in series with a 12 V battery. What is the power loss in the resistor? A. 0.5 W C. 12W B. 6W D. 24 W 77. Which of the following will prove that a metal bar is a permanent magnet? A. it attracts another magnet B. it attracts both ends of a compass needle C. it conducts electricity D. it repels another magnet 78. A positively charged rod is brought closed to an insulated metal sphere. Which diagram best shows the induced charges on the sphere? 79. How could the unit of potential difference, the volt, also be written? A. A/s C. C/J B. C/A D. J/C 80. X and Y are lamps with filaments made from the same material. The filament of lamp X is thicker and shorter than that of lamp Y. When connected to the mains and switched on, which is the brighter lamp and which lamp has the larger resistance? Brighter lamp Larger resistance A X X B X Y C Y X D Y Y 81. A 1.0 resistor and a 2.0 resistor in series across a 12 V d.c. supply. What is the current in the circuit? A A C. 6.0 A B. 4.0A D. 12 A 82. The cable to an electric fan becomes so worm that the live wire makes electrical contact with the metal case. The case is earthed. The plug to the fan contains a 5 A fuse. There is a current of 4 A when the fan works normally. What will happen? A. the current will run to earth and the fuse will not be affected. B. The fuse will melt and switch off the circuit. IGCSE Physics 15 Namrata David Publications

16 C. The metal case will become live and dangerous D. The metal case will become very hot Which graph shows how the voltage varies with time when the generator rotates at twice the original speed? 83. A small heater operates at 12 V, 2A. How much energy will it use when it is run 5 minutes? A. 30 J C J B. 120J D J 84. Which of the following has no effect on the size of the turning effect on the coil of an electric motor. A. the size of the current in the coil B. the direction of the current in the coil C. the number of turns in the coil D. the strength of the magnetic field 85. Why is electricity transmitted along power lines at very high voltages? A. to reduce the resistance of the cables B. so that transformers can be used C. to make sure that the current is the same all the way along the power lines D. to reduce loss of energy 86. A small coil is connected to a galvanometer as shown below. When the magnet is allowed to fall towards the coil, the galvanometer pointer gives a momentary deflection to the right of the zero position. 88. The diagram shows a circuit. The magnet moves through the coil and, as it falls away from the coil, the galvanometer pointer A. gives a continuous reading to the left B. gives a momentary deflection to the left C. gives a momentary deflection to the right D. gives a continuous reading to the right What are the components X and Y? 87. A simple a.c. generator produces a voltage that varies with time as shown. 89. The following trace is shown on the screen of an oscilloscope when it is connected to a IGCSE Physics 16 Namrata David Publications

17 transformer. The scale is set at 5 V per centimeter. 92. A wire of length 1.0 m has a resistance of 2.0. When connected to a cell, the current in the wire is 3.0 A. What is the value of the peak voltage? A. 4 V C. 10 V B. 5 V D. 20 V 90. The diagram shows a circuit with a potential divider joined in series with a fixed resistor. A 2.0 m length of the same wire is connected to the same cell. What are the minimum and maximum readings that can be obtained on the voltmeter when the potential divider is adjusted? What is the resistance of the wire and the current in it? 93. In the circuit shown, at which point is the current is smallest? 91. A bar magnet is broken into three parts X,Y and Z. Which diagram shows the poles in X,Y and Z? IGCSE Physics 17 Namrata David Publications

18 94. The potential difference between the ends of a conductor is 12 V. How much electrical energy is converted to other forms of energy in the conductor when 100 C of charge flows through it? A J C. 88 J B. 8.3 J D J 95. An electrical engineer connects a diode to a radio so that : If the battery is connected the right way round the radio works, If the battery is connected the wrong way there is no current. Which diagram is correct? 97. A small coil is connected to a sensitive ammeter. The ammeter needle can move to either side of the zero position. When the magnet is allowed to fall towards the coil, the ammeter needle moves quickly to the right of the zero position. 96. Which circuit shows how the heater in an electric iron and a fuse should be connected to a mains electricity supply? The magnet moves through the coil. How does the ammeter needle moves as the magnet falls away from the coil? IGCSE Physics 18 Namrata David Publications

19 A. it does not move B. it gives a steady reading to the right C. it moves quickly to the left of the zero position and then returns to zero D. it moves quickly to the right of the zero position and then returns to zero 98. A catode-ray oscilloscope is connected to an a.c generator. a wave is shown on the screen. What is the effect on the trace if the generator s speed of rotation s doubled? 99. In which circuit will a lamp glow more brightly when less light shines on a light-dependent resistor? Which change increases the deflection of the spot on the screen? A. decreasing the distance from the deflection plates to the screen B. increasing the length of the deflection plates C. increasing the potential difference between cathode and anode D. increasing the separation of the deflection plates 101. A student tries to magnetize a short steel rod. which of these tests will show that he has been successful? A. both ends of a permanent magnet attracts the rod B. one end of a permanent magnet repels the rod C. the rod picks up a small piece of paper D. when freely suspended, the rod points in any direction 102. Why can birds stand on an overhead high voltage transmission line without suffering any harm? A. their bodies have a very high resistance B. their feet are very good insulators C. the spaces between their feathers act as insulators D. they are not connected to earth The diagram below shows a cell connected in series with an ammeter and there resistors ( 10, 20, 30 ). The circuit can be completed by a moveable contact M The diagram shows the design of a cathode-ray oscilloscope tube. There is a conatsnt potential difference across the deflection plates. When M is connected to X, the ammeter reads 0.6 A. IGCSE Physics 19 Namrata David Publications

20 What is the ammeter reading when M is connected to Y? A. 0.1 A C. 0.3A B. 0.2 A D. 0.6 A 104. In the circuit shown, the battery lights up all four lamps. When one of the lamp filaments melts, the other three lamps stay on. Which lamp filament melts? In which direction does the coil move? A. along the magnetic field B. from X to Y C. out of the paper D. turns about the axis 108. A magnet is pushed horizontally towards a coil of insulated wire, inducing an e.m.f in the coil A combined bathroom unit of a heater and a lamp is controlled by one switch. The unit contains a 2 kw heater and a 100 W lamp. In one week, the lamp uses 1 kwh of electrical energy. How much electrical energy is used by the heater alone? A. 2 kwh C. 10kWh B. 4 kwh D. 20kWh 106. An electric kettle is plugged in and switched on. The fuse in the plug blows immediately. Which single fault could cause this? A. the earth wire is not connected to the kettle B. the live wire and neutral wire connections in the plug are swapped around C. the live wire touches the metal case of the kettle D. the wire connected to the plug are too thin 107. A coil, carrying a current, is arranged within a magnetic field. The coil experiences forces that can make it move. In which direction does the induced e.m.f. make the coil move? A. away from the magnet B. towards the magnet C. downwards D. upwards 109. A step-up transformer with 100 % efficiency has an input voltage of 3 V and an input current of 2 A. Under these conditions, what output voltage and output current could be obtained? 110. Why is a reed relay used in a switching circuit? A. to switch on a small current using a large current B. to switch on a small voltage using a large voltage C. to switch on a large current using a small current D. to switch on a large voltage using a large current 111. a potential divider consists of an LDR and a resistor connected to a 6 V battery. IGCSE Physics 20 Namrata David Publications

21 What should be the resistance of the LDR for the output to be 3 V? A. 0 B. Between 0 and C D. More than Two insulated and uncharged metal spheres X and Y are touching. While a positively charged rod is near X, the spheres are moved apart. After this action, X has a negative charge A current in a solenoid creates a magnetic filed. What will be the charge on Y? A. negative and smaller than that on X B. negative and the smaller size as that on X C. positive and smaller than that on X D. positive and the same size as that on X What is the effect on the magnetic field at the point P of using a larger current in the opposite direction? 113. A metal ring screens a piece of equipment from magnetic field A wire has a resistance of 8. A second wire, made of the same material, has half the length and twice the cross-sectional area. What is the resistance of the second wire? A. 1 C. 8 B. 2 D Two resistors of 6 and 12 are arranged in parallel. A p.d. is connected across the terminals X and Y. the current through the 6 resistor is 4 A. What is the current in the ammeter? A. 4 A C. 8 A B. 6 A D. 12 A Which metal should be used for the ring, and why? 117. Which of the following would cost the least if operated from the same voltage supply? A. a 5000 W electric cooker used for 1 minute B. a 1000 W electric fire used for 10 minutes C. a 500 W electric iron used for 1 hour D. a 100 W lamp used for 1 day IGCSE Physics 21 Namrata David Publications

22 118. A copper wire is held between the poles of a magnet. The current in the wire can be reversed. The poles of the magnet can also be changed over. In how many of the four directions shown can the force act on the wire? A. 1 C. 3 B. 2 D A transformer has more turns on the secondary coil than on the primary. The graph shows how the input voltage varies with time. When the coil is part of a d.c motor, what must be connected directly to X and Y? A. d.c. supply B. slip rings C. soft-iron core D. split-ring commutator 121. Why is electrical energy usually transmitted at high voltage? A. as little energy as possible is wasted in the transmission cables B. the current in the transmission cables is as large as possible C. the resistance of the transmission cables is as small as possible D. the transmission system does not require transformers 122. The diagram shows the output waveform of an a.c. generator as displayed on a cathode-ray oscilloscope. The horizontal scale is 5 ms/cm. Which graph, drawn to the same scale as the input graph, shows how the output voltage varies with time? What is the time for one complete rotation of the coil of the generator? A. 5 ms C. 20 ms B. 10 ms D. 30 ms 123. A capacitor can be made to store energy by connecting it to a d.c. power supply The diagram shows a coil in a magnetic field. Along which paths do electrons flow as the capacitor starts to charge? A. from X to plate 1 only B. from X to plate 1 and from plate 2 to Y C. from Y to plate 2 and from plate 1 to X D. from Y to plate 2 only IGCSE Physics 22 Namrata David Publications

23 124. The diagram shows a model railway signal. What does the end P do when the switch is closed? A. it goes down and stays down B. it goes up and stays up C. it goes down and then returns to its original position D. it goes up and then returns to its original position. What is the potential difference across the bulb? A. 5 V C. 24 V B. 12 V D. 120 V 129. A student sets up the circuit shown Which part of a vedio tape recording system does not rely on magnetic material for its operation? A. the drive motor B. the power lead C. the transformer D. the video tape 126. A positively charged insulated metal sphere is brought close to, but not touching, a similar uncharged metal sphere. The currents measured with the ammeters are shown. Which equation is correct? Which diagram shows the charge distribution on the spheres? 130. The following circuit is set up Under which condition does Ohm s law apply? A. the current must be constant B. the power must be constant C. the temperature must be constant D. the voltage must be constant 128. a battery is used to light a 24 W electric lamp. The battery provides a charge of 120 C in 60 s. What is the reading on ammeter? A A C A B A D. 1.0 A IGCSE Physics 23 Namrata David Publications

24 131. Energy is represented by the letter E, current by I, power by P, charge by Q, p.d. by V and time by t. Which pair of equations is correct? A. E = It and P = VIt B. E = VQ/t and P = VI C. E = VIT and P = VI D. E =VQ and P = VI/t 132. The case of an electric fan is earthed. The plug to the fan contains a 5 A fuse. There is a current of 4 A when the fan works normally. The cable to the fan becomes so worn that the live wire makes electrical contact with the metal case. What happens? A. the current flows to earth and fuse is not affected B. the fuse melts and switches off the circuit C. the metal case becomes live and dangerous D. the metal case becomes very hot 133. The diagram shows the a beam of electrons entering a magnetic filed. The direction of the field is into the page. How does transformer X affect the voltage and the current from the power station? 136. In the circuit shown, all lamps are identical and all cells are identical. The resistance of the coil of the reed switch is negligible. In which direction are the electrons deflected? A. Into the page B. Out of the page C. Towards the bottom of the page D. Towards the top of the page One cell lights one lamp to normal brightness. What is the brightness of the lamps when switch Y is closed? 134. Which single coil motor will have the largest turning effect? # 135. The diagram shows transformers and cables used to transmit electrical energy over log distances. IGCSE Physics 24 Namrata David Publications

25 137. Which diagram best shows the pattern of field lines around a bar magnet? 141. A 20 resistor and a 10 resistor are connected in parallel. What is their combined resistance? A. less than 10 B. 10 C. 20 D. More than The diagram shows an incomplete circuit. Which component should be connected in the space to make the lamp light? 138. Which materials are suitable to make a permanent magnet and the core of an electromagnet? 139. Which two electric quantities are measured in volts? A. current and e.m.f. B. current and resistance C. e.m.f. and potential difference D. potential difference and resistance 140. Which of the following pieces of copper wire has the greatest electrical resistance? 143. Why are the electric lamps in a house lighting circuit normally connected in parallel? A. the current in every circuit must be the same B. the lamps are always switched on and off at the same time C. the voltage across each lamp must be the mains voltage D. when one of the lamps blows, all the others go out 144. In the circuit shown, one of the fuses blows and all the lamps go out. Which fuse blows? IGCSE Physics 25 Namrata David Publications

26 145. When electricity is transmitted over long distances, energy is wasted. How can the wasted energy be kept as small as possible? A. keep the current in the transmission lines as large as possible B. keep the power supplied to the transmission lines as large as possible C. keep the resistance of the transmission lines as large as possible D. keep the voltage supplied to the transmission lines as large as possible 146. The diagram shows a transformer An alternating potential difference (p.d.) is applied to the Y-plates of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. The time-base is turned off. Which of the following pattern would appear on the screen? 149. A student wishes to use a magnetizing coil to make a permanent magnet from a piece of metal. What is the voltmeter reading? A. 1.2 V C. 120V B. 12 V D V 147. The diagram shows part of a circuit used to switch street lamps on and off automatically. Which metal should she use? A. aluminum B. copper C. iron D. steel 150. A metal rod XY is placed near a magnet. End X is attached when it is placed near to the north pole of the magnet, and also when it is placed near to the south pole. What is the effect on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) when it gets dark? IGCSE Physics 26 Namrata David Publications

27 Which two ammeters are faulty? A. A 1 and A 2 B. A 1 and A 4 C. A 2 and A 3 D. A 3 and A 4 How does end Y behave when it is placed, in turn, near to the two poles of the magnet? 153. Which electrical component would not normally be found in a battery-operated torch ( flash light)? 151. When the potential difference (p.d.) across a piece of resistance wire is changed, the current through the wire also changes. The temperature of the wire is kept the same. Which graph shows how the p.d. and current are related? 154. A student makes four circuits. In which circuit are both lamps protected by the fuse? 152. Two faulty ammeters and two perfect ammeters are connected in series in the circuit shown. The readings on the ammeters are A A A A A A A A 155. Four lamps are labeled 60 W 240V In which circuit are the lamps connected so that they all work at normal brightness? IGCSE Physics 27 Namrata David Publications

28 Which of the following would give a zero reading on the voltmeter? A. holding the magnet stationary inside the solenoid B. moving the magnet away from the solenoid C. moving the magnet towards the solenoid D. moving the solenoid towards the magnet 159. The diagram below shows the screen of a cathode-ray oscilloscope tube The diagram shows a transformer with an alternating voltage of 100 V applied to the primary coil. The tube is [laced between a pair of charged plates. Which diagram shows the new position of the spot? What is the voltage produced across the secondary coil? A. 50 V C. 200 V B. 100 V D V 157. How can a permanent magnet be demagnetized? A. cool the magnet for a long time B. hit the magnet repeatedly with a hammer C. leave the magnet in a coil which carries direct current D. pass a small current through the magnet 158. The diagram shows a solenoid connected to a sensitive voltmeter. IGCSE Physics 28 Namrata David Publications

29 160. An electrical component X is placed in water, as shown. When the temperature of the water is increases, the reading on the ammeter increases. What is component X? A. capacitor B. a light-dependent resistor C. a reed relay D. a thermistor 161. A student connects two lamps in the circuit shown A polythene rod repels an inflated balloon hanging from a nylon thread. What charges must the rod and the balloon carry? A. the rod and the balloon carry opposite charges. B. The rod and the balloon carry like charges C. The rod is charged but the balloon is not D. The balloon is charged but the rod is not 165. An electrical component is to be placed in the circuit at Z, to allow the brightness of the lamp to be varied from bright to dim. Which switches must he close to light both lamps? A. 1 and 2 C. 1 and 3 B. 1,2 and 3 D. 2 and An electromagnet is used to separate magnetic metals from non-magnetic metals. Why is steel unsuitable as the core of the electromagnet? A. it is a good conductor of electricity B. it forms a permanent magnet C. it has a high density D. it has a high thermal capacity 163. Which circuit shows a voltmeter is connected to measure the potential difference across the cell? What should be connected at Z? 166. Which electric quantity is measured in farad? A. current B. capacitance C. current and resistance D. potential difference IGCSE Physics 29 Namrata David Publications

30 167. The circuit shown contains four lamps and three switches A straight wire carrying a current produces a magnetic field. Which diagram shows the correct shape of the field? Which switches must be closed to light only lamps 1 and 3? A. switch 1 only B. switch1 and switch 2 only C. switch1 and switch 3 only D. switch2 and switch 3 only 168. The diagram shows a torch containing two 2 V cells, a switch and a lamp A student carries out an experiment to see the effect of a magnetic field on a wire carrying a current. The wire moves upwards as shown. What is the circuit diagram for the torch? What should the student do to make the wire move downwards? A. change the direction of the current B. move the poles of the magnet closer together C. send a smaller current through the wire D. use a stronger magnet 169. Which statement is correct? A. a fuse is included in a circuit to prevent the current becoming too high B. a fuse should be connected to the neutral wire in plug C. an electric circuit will only work if it includes a fuse D. an earth wire is needed to prevent the fuse blowing 172. A beam of cathode rays passes through an electric field between two parallel plates. In which direction is the beam deflected? A. into the page IGCSE Physics 30 Namrata David Publications

31 B. out of the page C. towards the bottom of the page D. towards the top of the page 173. Which material is used for the core of an electromagnet? A. aluminium B. copper C. iron D. steel 174. A brass rod is positioned in an east-west direction and plotting compass is placed at each end. Which diagram shows the positions of the needles of the plotting compasses? 177. In the circuit below, X and Y are identical 6 V lamps How many of the following materials conduct electricity? Aluminium Silver Iron Plastic A. 1 C. 3 B. 2 D In which circuit does the voltmeter read the potential difference across the lamp? What happens when the switch is closed? A. X lights more brightly than Y B. Y lights more brightly than X C. X and Y light with equal brightness D. Neither X nor Y light 178. The diagram shows a circuit with three ammeters X, Y and Z. Which set of readings is possible? IGCSE Physics 31 Namrata David Publications

32 The fuse has blown and stopped the circuit. What could have caused this? A. the current rating of the fuse was too high B. the current was too large C. the lamp was loose D. the voltage was too small 179. A lamp is to be connected in a circuit so that the p.d. across it can be varied from 0 to 6 V. Which circuit would be most suitable? 181. Which graph shows the output voltage from a simple a.c generator? 182. A transformer has 50 turns on its primary coil and 100 turns on its secondary coil. An a.c voltage of 25.0 V connected across the primary coil. What is the voltage across the secondary coil? A V C V B. 50.0V D. 200 V 180. A student makes the circuit shown Two circuits are set up as shown. The iron rods are placed close together, and are free to move. IGCSE Physics 32 Namrata David Publications

33 What happens to the size of the graph at X when switch S is closed? A. it decreases B. it decreases then increases C. it increases D. it does not change 184. The diagram shows a simple cathode-ray tube. Which part emits the electrons? 188. When a plastic comb is placed next to a small piece of aluminium foil hanging from a nylon thread, the foil is repelled by the comb. Why is this? A. the comb is charged and the foil is uncharged B. the comb is uncharged and the foil is charged C. the comb and the foil have charge of opposite signs D. the comb and the foil have charge of the same sign 189. Which symbol represents an electrical component used to store energy? 185. A student investigates which end of a magnetic compass needle is attracted to bar magnet. What does the investigation show? A. both ends of the compass needle are attracted by the north pole of the magnet B. both ends of the compass needle are attracted by the south pole of the magnet C. one end of the compass needle are attracted by the north pole and the other end by the south pole D. the compass needle is not attracted by either end of the magnet 190. Four lamps and four switches are connected to a power supply as shown in the circuit diagram. When all the switches are closed, all the lamps are lit. When one of the switches is opened, only ne lamp goes out. Which switch is opened? 186. From which materials are the coil and the core of an electromagnet made? 187. What are the symbols used for the units of current and resistance? 191. Four resistors and an ammeter are connected to a battery as shown. The ammeter reads 2 A. Which of the four labeled points in the circuit is the only one where the current is less than 2 A. IGCSE Physics 33 Namrata David Publications

34 What are suitable numbers of turns for coil X and for coil Y? 192. Why is a fuse used in an electrical circuit in a house? A. to increase the circuit resistance B. to keep the power used to a minimum value C. to prevent a short-circuit from occurring D. to stop the cables from carrying too much current 193. An electric power tool is being used outdoors in a shower of rain. What is the greatest hazard to the user? A. the cable gets hot and causes burns B. the circuit-breaker cuts off the current C. the current passes through water and causes a shock D. the tool rusts 194. A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect A cathode ray tube has an anode and an earthed cathode. Which line in the table shows the charge and the temperature of the anode? 197. Small particles of metal are scattered near a bar magnet to show the pattern of the magnetic field. Which metal is suitable? A. aluminium B. brass C. copper D. iron 198. A strong electromagnet is used to attract pins. How can the turning effect be increased? A. increase the number of turns on the coil B. reduce the size of the current C. reverse the direction of the magnetic field D. use thinner wire for the coil 195. A transformer is to be used to produce a 6 V out put from a 24 V input. What happens when the current in the coil is halved? A. no pins are attracted B. fewer pins are attracted C. the same number of pins is attracted D. many more pins are attracted IGCSE Physics 34 Namrata David Publications

35 199. Four plotting compasses are placed near a bar magnet. Which plotting compass is shown in the correct direction? A. it has gained electrons B. it has gained neutrons C. it has lost electrons D. it has lost neutrons 203. The circuit contains a relay. When switch S is closed, what is the state of the lamps? 200. Four wires are made from the same material. Which wire has the greatest resistance? 204. Which diagram shows a circuit that will allow the lamps to be switched on and off independently? 201. Which circuit is a variable potential divider ( potentiometer)? 205. What is the symbol of fuse? 202. A plastic rod is rubbed with a dry cloth and becomes positively charged. Why has the rod becomes positively charged? 206. A cable in a house is carrying too much current. What is the greatest danger? A. appliances not working B. electric shock C. fire D. low power IGCSE Physics 35 Namrata David Publications

36 207. A coil is rotated steadily between the poles of a magnet. The coil is connected to an oscilloscope, which shows a graph of voltage output against time. In which direction is the beam deflected? A. into the page B. out of the page C. towards the bottom of the page D. towards the top of the page Which graph shows the voltage output against time? 210. A piece of magnetized steel is placed inside a coil of wire that has a large alternating current passing through it. The magnet is slowly moved out of the coil to position P The diagram shows a lamp connected to a transformer. How has the steel changed when it reaches P? A. it has become demagnetized B. there has been no change C. it has become a stronger magnet D. the poles have changed ends 211. In which circuit does the ammeter read the total current through both resistors? What is the potential difference across the lamp? A. 2.4 V C. 60 V B. 12 V D. 240V 209. A beam of cathode rays passing through an electric field between two parallel plates. IGCSE Physics 36 Namrata David Publications

37 212. A permanent magnet is placed closer to a bar of soft iron PQ. What happens? A. P becomes a north pole B. P becomes a south pole C. PQ does not become magnetized D. The poles of the magnet are reversed 213. The table shows the voltage and current ratings for four light bulbs. Which bulb has the greatest resistance when used normally? At which labeled point should a switch be placed so that lamp 1 remains on all the time and lamp 2 can be switched on and off? 216. The device X in this circuit is designed to cut off the electricity supply automatically if too much current flows. What is device X? A. a fuse B. a relay C. a resistor D. an ammeter 217. A class room has four lights, each fitted with a lamp marked 240V, 100 W. Which circuit is most suitable for the class room? 214. In the following circuits, the resistors have the same value and the cells are identical. Which circuit has the smallest resistance? 215. The diagram shows a circuit, with four possible positions to place a switch Charged particles are emitted from the cathode of an oscilloscope. What is the name and charge of these particles? IGCSE Physics 37 Namrata David Publications

38 219. Which graph shows the output of a simple a.c. generator? Which poles are formed at X and Y? 220. When the electric current in wire XY is in the direction shown, there is an upward force on the wire Diagram 1 shows a potential divider circuit containing two 100 resistors. One of the resistors is changed to 90, as shown in diagram 2. If the north and south poles of the magnet exchange positions, in which direction will the force on the wire act? A. downwards B. upwards C. to the left D. to the right 221. A steel bar is magnetized by stroking it several times with the south pole of a magnet, as shown. How does the reading on the voltmeter change when this is done? A. it becomes zero B. it dearness a little C. it increases a little D. it stays the same 223. A steel ball on a horizontal wooden table rolls near the north pole of a bar magnet that is lying on the table. Which diagram shows the most likely path of the ball, as seen from above the table? IGCSE Physics 38 Namrata David Publications

39 226. Four students are asked to draw a circuit showing three lamps working in parallel, a cell, and a switch that controls all three lamps. Which student is correct? 224. A student wants to find the resistance of resistor R using a voltmeter and an ammeter. Which circuit should the student use? 225. Two very light, charged balls P an Q are hung, one above the other, from nylon threads. When a negatively charged plastic sheet is placed alongside them, P is repelled and Q is attracted. What are the original charges on P and on Q? 227. A 3.0 lamp and a 6.0 lamp are connected in series. What is the total resistance of the combination? A. 0.5 C. 9.0 B. 2.0 D Why is a circuit breaker or fuse used in a mains electric circuit? A. it allows spare current to be returned to the mains. B. It improves the insulation of the wiring C. It protects the mains wiring from current overload D. It saves energy by reducing the current IGCSE Physics 39 Namrata David Publications

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